Friday, May 31, 2013

13-year-old wins National Spelling Bee

OXON HILL, Md. (AP) ? After years of heartbreakingly close calls, Arvind Mahankali conquered his nemesis, German, to become the champion speller in the English language.

The 13-year-old from Bayside Hills, N.Y., correctly spelled "knaidel," a word for a small mass of leavened dough, to win the 86th Scripps National Spelling Bee on Thursday night. The bee tested brain power, composure and, for the first time, knowledge of vocabulary.

Arvind finished in third place in both 2011 and 2012, and both times, he was eliminated on German-derived words. This time, he got one German word in the finals, and the winning word was from German-derived Yiddish, eliciting groans and laughter from the crowd. He spelled both with ease.

"The German curse has turned into a German blessing," he said.

Arvind outlasted 11 other finalists, all but one of whom had been to the National Spelling Bee before, in nearly 2 ? hours of tense, grueling competition that was televised nationally. In one round, all nine participants spelled their words correctly.

When he was announced as the winner, Arvind looked upward at the confetti falling upon him and cracked his knuckles, his signature gesture during his bee appearances. He'll take home $30,000 in cash and prizes along with a huge cup-shaped trophy. The skinny teen, clad in a white polo shirt and wire-rimmed glasses pushed down his nose, was joined on stage at the Washington-area hall by his parents and his beaming younger brother.

An aspiring physicist who admires Albert Einstein, Arvind said he would spend more time studying physics this summer now that he's "retired" from the spelling bee.

Arvind becomes the sixth consecutive Indian-American winner and the 11th in the past 15 years, a run that began in 1999 when Nupur Lala captured the title in 1999 and was later featured in the documentary "Spellbound."

Arvind's family is originally from Hyderabad in southern India, and relatives who live there were watching live on television.

"At home, my dad used to chant Telegu poems from forward to backward and backward to forward, that kind of thing," said Arvind's father, Srinivas. "So language affinity, we value language a lot. And I love language, I love English."

Pranav Sivakumar, who like Arvind rarely appeared flustered onstage, finished second. The 13-year-old from Tower Lakes, Ill., was tripped up by "cyanophycean," a word for a blue-green alga. Sriram Hathwar, 13, of Painted Post, N.Y., finished third, and Amber Born, 14, of Marblehead, Mass., was fourth.

The field was whittled down from 42 semifinalists Thursday afternoon, with spellers advancing based on a formula that combined their scores from a computerized spelling and vocabulary test with their performance in two onstage rounds.

The vocabulary test was new. Some of the spellers liked it, some didn't, and many were in-between, praising the concept but wondering why it wasn't announced at the beginning of the school year instead of seven weeks before the national bee.

"It was kind of a different challenge," said Vismaya Kharkar, 14, of Bountiful, Utah, who finished tied for 5th place. "I've been focusing my studying on the spelling for years and years."

There were two multiple-choice vocabulary tests ? one in the preliminaries and one in the semifinals ? and they were administered in a quiet room away from the glare of the onstage parts of the bee. The finals were the same as always: no vocabulary, just spellers trying to avoid the doomsday bell.

There was a huge groan from the crowd when Arvind got his first German-derived word, "dehnstufe," an Indo-European long-grade vowel.

Milking the moment, he asked, "Can I have the language of origin?" before throwing his hands in the air with a wry smile.

"I had begun to be a little wary of German words, but this year I prepared German words and I studied them, so when I got German words this year, I wasn't worried," Arvind said.

He appeared to have more trouble with "galere," a word for a group of people having a marked common quality or relationship. He asked for the etymology twice ? French and old Catalan ? shifted his body back and forth and stroked his chin before getting it right with seconds to spare.

Amber, an aspiring comedy writer and crowd favorite, bowed out on "hallali," a huntsman's bugle call. She said, "I know, I know," when the clock told her time was running out, and she knew she had missed it, saying "That's not right" as she finished her effort.

The bee's growing popularity is reflected in an ESPN broadcast that gets more sophisticated each year. In the semifinals, Amber got to watch herself featured on a televised promo that also aired on the jumbo screen inside the auditorium.

She then approached the microphone and, referring to herself, deadpanned: "She seemed nice."

Vanya Shivashankar, at 11 the youngest of the finalists, fell short in her bid to become the first sibling of a previous winner to triumph. Her sister, Kavya, won in 2009. Vanya finished tied for 5th after misspelling "zenaida," which means a type of pigeon.

___

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/arvind-mahankali-13-wins-national-spelling-bee-033015320.html

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How to enable the new Gmail in a web browser

New Gmail

Google just announced a pretty major update to Gmail, and you should now be to give it a go in the browser, if you so desire. As our pal Paul O'Brien from MoDaCo points out, all you have to do to enable the new tabbed organization is go to the gear icon on the right of the screen and choose "Configure inbox." (If you're using a wrapper like Mailplane, you might need to do this from a traditional browser first, then restart the app.)

Next you'll be asked which tabs you want to use -- primary, social and promotions are checked by default; updates and forums are other options. Once enabled, you'll find e-mails sorted among the tabs. To move e-mails between tabs, just click and drag. (You'll also be asked if you want to continue to get that particular kind of e-mail in the new tab.)

Still no sign of the new Gmail app for Android, which also will bring a new sorting experience. 

    


Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/androidcentral/~3/r0e1jkng5xk/story01.htm

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Radiation measured by NASA's Curiosity on voyage to Mars has implications for future human missions

May 30, 2013 ? Measurements taken by NASA's Mars Science Laboratory mission as it delivered the Curiosity rover to Mars in 2012 are providing NASA the information it needs to design systems to protect human explorers from radiation exposure on deep-space expeditions in the future.

Curiosity's Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) is the first instrument to measure the radiation environment during a Mars cruise mission from inside a spacecraft that is similar to potential human exploration spacecraft. The findings reduce uncertainty about the effectiveness of radiation shielding and provide vital information to space mission designers who will need to build in protection for spacecraft occupants in the future.

"As this nation strives to reach an asteroid and Mars in our lifetimes, we're working to solve every puzzle nature poses to keep astronauts safe so they can explore the unknown and return home," said William Gerstenmaier, NASA's associate administrator for human exploration and operations in Washington. "We learn more about the human body's ability to adapt to space every day aboard the International Space Station. As we build the Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System rocket to carry and shelter us in deep space, we'll continue to make the advances we need in life sciences to reduce risks for our explorers. Curiosity's RAD instrument is giving us critical data we need so that we humans, like the rover, can dare mighty things to reach the Red Planet."

The findings, which are published in the May 31 edition of the journal Science, indicate radiation exposure for human explorers could exceed NASA's career limit for astronauts if current propulsion systems are used.

Two forms of radiation pose potential health risks to astronauts in deep space. One is galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), particles caused by supernova explosions and other high-energy events outside the solar system. The other is solar energetic particles (SEPs) associated with solar flares and coronal mass ejections from the sun.

Radiation exposure is measured in units of Sievert (Sv) or milliSievert (one one-thousandth Sv). Long-term population studies have shown exposure to radiation increases a person's lifetime cancer risk. Exposure to a dose of 1 Sv, accumulated over time, is associated with a five percent increase in risk for developing fatal cancer.

NASA has established a three percent increased risk of fatal cancer as an acceptable career limit for its astronauts currently operating in low-Earth orbit. The RAD data showed the Curiosity rover was exposed to an average of 1.8 milliSieverts of GCR per day on its journey to Mars. Only about three percent of the radiation dose was associated with solar particles because of a relatively quiet solar cycle and the shielding provided by the spacecraft.

The RAD data will help inform current discussions in the United States' medical community, which is working to establish exposure limits for deep-space explorers in the future.

"In terms of accumulated dose, it's like getting a whole-body CT scan once every five or six days," said Cary Zeitlin, a principal scientist at the Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) in San Antonio and lead author of the paper on the findings. "Understanding the radiation environment inside a spacecraft carrying humans to Mars or other deep space destinations is critical for planning future crewed missions."

Current spacecraft shield much more effectively against SEPs than GCRs. To protect against the comparatively low energy of typical SEPs, astronauts might need to move into havens with extra shielding on a spacecraft or on the Martian surface, or employ other countermeasures. GCRs tend to be highly energetic, highly penetrating particles that are not stopped by the modest shielding provided by a typical spacecraft.

"Scientists need to validate theories and models with actual measurements, which RAD is now providing," said Donald M. Hassler, a program director at SwRI and principal investigator of the RAD investigation. "These measurements will be used to better understand how radiation travels through deep space and how it is affected and changed by the spacecraft structure itself. The spacecraft protects somewhat against lower energy particles, but others can propagate through the structure unchanged or break down into secondary particles."

After Curiosity landed on Mars in August, the RAD instrument continued operating, measuring the radiation environment on the planet's surface. RAD data collected during Curiosity's science mission will continue to inform plans to protect astronauts as NASA designs future missions to Mars in the coming decades.

SwRI, together with Christian Albrechts University in Kiel, Germany, built RAD with funding from NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate and Germany's national aerospace research center, Deutsches Zentrum f?r Luft- und Raumfahrt.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/P-H94QcscRQ/130530145930.htm

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Video: Tim Cook talks iOS 7, Android apps from Apple, TV and more in 81-minute interview

The arrival of spring brings a big ol' bounty of vibrantly colored, fresh and locally grown produce, such as cherry tomatoes and luscious salad greens. One of the easiest and healthiest ways to incorporate spring vegetables into your diet is through the beloved lunchtime salad. Seems like a simple task, right? Well, actually, that salad bar can be overwhelming for many people. All those choices!

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/video-tim-cook-talks-ios-7-android-apps-124502202.html

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CA-NEWS Summary

Top U.S. tax breaks to cost $12 trillion over decade, benefit wealthy: CBO

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The top ten tax deductions, credits and exclusions will keep $12 trillion out of federal government coffers over the next decade, and several of them mainly benefit the wealthiest Americans, a new study from the Congressional Budget Office shows. The top 20 percent of income earners will reap more than half of the $900 billion in benefits from these tax breaks that will accrue in 2013, the non-partisan CBO said on Wednesday.

Angry about immigration plan, some gay donors cut off Democrats

WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Some disappointed activists say they are yanking their support for the Democratic Party after Senate Democrats opposed a proposal in an immigration bill that would have allowed citizens to bring their foreign-born, same-sex spouses to the United States. Jonathan Lewis, a Miami philanthropist who donated more than $35,000 in 2012, has stopped giving and is urging others to do the same until President Barack Obama and his fellow Democrats stop breaking promises to the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender community.

Wife of Philadelphia abortion doctor sentenced to prison

PHILADELPHIA (Reuters) - The wife of a Philadelphia doctor convicted of murdering babies during late-term abortions was sentenced on Wednesday to up to 23 months in prison for helping her husband. Pearl Gosnell, 52, whose husband, Dr Kermit Gosnell, ran the now-shuttered Women's Medical Society clinic in Philadelphia, had pleaded guilty to performing an illegal abortion, being part of a corrupt organization and conspiracy.

Syrian opposition says peace talks must mean Assad exit

ISTANBUL (Reuters) - The Syrian opposition said on Wednesday it would only take part in planned international peace talks if a deadline was set for a settlement that forces President Bashar al-Assad to leave power. In its first official reaction to the Geneva conference being prepared by the United States and Russia, the opposition coalition adopted a declaration calling for "binding international guarantees" for any resolution of Syria's two-year-old conflict.

Assad says Syria has received Russian missile shipment: Lebanese media

BEIRUT (Reuters) - Syria has already received the first shipment of an advanced Russian air defense system and will soon get the rest of the S-300 missiles, President Bashar al-Assad was quoted as saying on Thursday. "Syria has received the first shipment of Russian anti-aircraft S-300 rockets," Lebanese newspaper al-Akhbar newspaper quoted Assad as saying in an interview due to be broadcast later in the day. "The rest of the shipment will arrive soon."

German anti-euro leader open to working with Merkel

BERLIN (Reuters) - The leader of Germany's new anti-euro party has signaled a readiness to cooperate with Chancellor Angela Merkel's center-right bloc after elections in September if it takes a tougher line on aid to struggling euro zone members. The comments by Bernd Lucke, an economics professor and founder of the "Alternative for Germany" (AfD), suggest a newfound willingness to work within the established political system if the party makes it into parliament.

Bombs hit Baghdad districts, at least 10 dead

BAGHDAD (Reuters) - A car bomb and several roadside blasts exploded in Shi'ite and Sunni Muslim neighborhoods across Baghdad on Thursday, killing at least 10 people in the latest in more than a month-long surge in attacks, police and hospital sources said. No group claimed responsibility for the attacks, but Sunni Muslim Islamist insurgents and al-Qaeda's Iraqi wing have increased their operations since the beginning of the year as part of their campaign to stir sectarian tensions.

Buddhist mobs attack Muslim homes in Myanmar, one dead

LASHIO, Myanmar (Reuters) - Security forces struggled to control Buddhist mobs who burned Muslim homes on Wednesday for a second day in the northern Myanmar city of Lashio in a dangerous widening of ultra-nationalist Buddhist violence. Scores of young men and boys on motorbikes and on foot marauded through the city of 130,000 people, some singing nationalist songs, a day after a mosque and religious school were torched.

U.S. drone kills Pakistan Taliban No 2 : security officials

PESHAWAR, Pakistan (Reuters) - A U.S. drone strike killed the No. 2 of the Pakistani Taliban in the North Waziristan region on Wednesday, three security officials said, in what would be a major blow to the militancy. The drone strike killed seven people, Pakistani security officials said, including Taliban deputy commander Wali-ur-Rehman, in the first such attack since a May 11 general election in which the use of the unmanned aircraft was a major issue.

Canada freezes trade with Iran over nuclear program, human rights

OTTAWA (Reuters) - Canada will freeze all remaining trade with Iran to protest the Tehran's nuclear ambitions and its human rights record, Foreign Minister John Baird said on Wednesday. Canada, which has had increasingly poor relations with Iran for more than a decade, had already imposed a series of trade sanctions. In 2012, bilateral trade was worth around C$135 million ($130 million).

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ca-news-summary-003013611.html

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Thursday, May 30, 2013

Early brain responses to words predict developmental outcomes in children with autism

May 29, 2013 ? The pattern of brain responses to words in 2-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder predicted the youngsters' linguistic, cognitive and adaptive skills at ages 4 and 6, according to a new study.

The findings, to be published May 29 in PLOS ONE, are among the first to demonstrate that a brain marker can predict future abilities in children with autism.

"We've shown that the brain's indicator of word learning in 2-year-olds already diagnosed with autism predicts their eventual skills on a broad set of cognitive and linguistic abilities and adaptive behaviors," said lead author Patricia Kuhl, co-director of the University of Washington's Institute for Learning & Brain Sciences.

"This is true four years after the initial test, and regardless of the type of autism treatment the children received," she said.

In the study, 2-year-olds -- 24 with autism and 20 without -- listened to a mix of familiar and unfamiliar words while wearing an elastic cap that held sensors in place. The sensors measured brain responses to hearing words, known as event-related potentials.

The research team then divided the children with autism into two groups based on the severity of their social impairments and took a closer look at the brain responses. Youngsters with less severe symptoms had brain responses that were similar to the typically developing children, in that both groups exhibited a strong response to known words in a language area located in the temporal parietal region on the left side of the brain.

This suggests that the brains of children with less severe symptoms can process words in ways that are similar to children without the disorder.

In contrast, children with more severe social impairments showed brain responses more broadly over the right hemisphere, which is not seen in typically developing children of any age.

"We think this measure signals that the 2-year-old's brain has reorganized itself to process words. This reorganization depends on the child's ability to learn from social experiences," Kuhl said. She cautioned that identifying a neural marker that predicts future autism diagnoses with assurance is still a ways off.

The researchers also tested the children's language skills, cognitive abilities, and social and emotional development, beginning at age 2, then again at ages 4 and 6.

The children with autism received intensive treatment and, as a group, they improved on the behavioral tests over time. But the outcome for individual children varied widely and the more their brain responses to words at age 2 were like those of typically developing children, the more improvement in skills they showed by age 6.

In other studies, Kuhl has found that social interactions accelerate language learning in babies. Infants use social cues, such as tracking adults' eye movements to learn the names of things, and must be interested in people to learn in this way. Paying attention to people is a way for babies to sort through all that is happening around them and serves as a gate to know what is important.

But with autism, social impairments impede children's interest in, and ability to pick up on, social cues. They find themselves paying attention to many other things, especially objects as opposed to people.

"Social learning is what most humans are about," Kuhl said. "If your brain can learn from other people in a social context you have the capability to learn just about anything."

She hopes that the new findings will lead to brain measures that can be used much earlier in development -- at 12 months or younger -- to help identify children at risk for autism.

"This line of work may lead to new interventions applied early in development, when the brain shows its highest level of neural plasticity," Kuhl said.

Coauthors are Jeffrey Munson and Annette Estes, both at UW; Sharon Coffey-Corina, University of California, Davis; and Geraldine Dawson, Autism Speaks and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

The research was funded by a grant from the National Institutes of Health.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/X94xdaSnTU4/130529190724.htm

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Wednesday, May 29, 2013

Obama Campaign Group Targets Climate Change

While President Obama's reelection campaign was almost completely silent on the issue of global warming, Organizing for Action, the advocacy group tooled from his 2012 campaign machine, has launched a campaign designed to build support for the president's climate-change agenda.

The multipronged, multiyear effort aims to inject climate change into the heart of national politics?and make it an election issue as well.

Conventional wisdom held that the issue is a loser on the trail, but former campaign operatives who scrupulously avoided talking about climate change last year are now writing press releases slamming Republican lawmakers for denying the science behind it.

They're fanning out around the country?to more than 20 states, so far?holding meetings and press conferences aimed at spurring voters to bring up the issue with elected officials. They're preparing to fight back against a national campaign, led by a conservative advocacy group that would roll back state renewable-energy laws. They're starting conversations in churches and town halls about extreme weather and climate-change adaptation. And, they're laying the groundwork to win enough Senate votes to protect Obama's ability to use his executive authority to enact climate-change regulations?with or without the consent of Congress.

On Wednesday, Organizing for Action will hold 50 events across the country to underline the importance of addressing climate change, including a number of events in Republican districts where the group will directly criticize specific members of Congress who question or deny the science of climate change

"Our mission is to change the conversation on climate," said Ivan Frishberg, the head of Organizing for Action's new campaign. "A lot of our work is focused on changing the conversation in the American public, so that members of Congress can act."

Obama has said that taking on global warming will be a top priority in his second term. But after a major climate-change bill was torpedoed in the Senate in 2010, the chances that Congress will take up a climate-change bill in the near future are slim. After Republicans took over the House later that year, they passed a bill essentially declaring the science behind climate change a hoax.

Climate change can be a tough primary issue for Republicans, and policy proposals to fight climate change, such as taxing or regulation coal pollution, can be difficult to discuss. Polls consistently show that, while American voters are concerned about climate change, they tend to rank it behind such issues as jobs, the economy, and immigration.

Last month, in its first foray into changing the national conversation, Organizing for Action sent out an e-mail blast and Web video directly attacking Republicans as climate-change deniers. "If we want to make progress on climate change, we need everyone in Congress on board for a solution. It's our job to show them there's a price to pay for being a climate denier," the release said.

"We put a premium on the denier conversation," Frishberg said. The strategy could put some Republicans in awkward positions. As recently as 2008 the Republican presidential candidate, John McCain, campaigned on a plan to fight climate change?and many moderate Republicans, including House Speaker John Boehner, went on the record supporting his views.

Since the House moved to the right after 2010, many moderates have been put in the position of recanting or recalibrating their positions, or simply staying silent on the issue. A campaign highlighting those views could make some moderates uncomfortable.

One Republican strategist dismissed that effort. Michael McKenna, an energy lobbyist who has worked closely with House Republican leaders to craft energy and climate-change talking points, called Organizing for Action's focus on climate deniers "curious," and said he believes it will backfire.

"I understand the impulse to attack and attempt to discredit either the motives or the factual foundation of your opponents, but it seems to me that the OFA crew is missing two central, crucial points in the whole conversation," McKenna wrote in an e-mail. "The folks on their side of the discussion have argued for quite some time that the science is settled. I think that is an oversimplification, but it is a legitimate point of view. By taking these actions, the OFA gang is alerting everyone who may not have been watching closely that the science may in fact be less settled than originally suspected?. By feeding into the controversy and the noise, the OFA is inadvertently pouring kerosene on the very fire they are hoping to douse."

But Republican denials of climate science could be a Democratic issue that resonates with young voters, said Bill Burton, a former deputy press secretary for Obama who ran a pro-Obama super PAC, Priorities USA, during the 2012 election and is now a consultant to environmental-advocacy groups such as the League of Conservation Voters.

"If you consider the most important voting demographic to be millennials, for a 22- or 23-year-old voter, being a climate denier is like opposition to gay marriage in the way it paints Republican politicians as completely out of touch with how they see the world," he said.

Organizing for Action will also target lawmakers who have quietly signaled their support for climate policy, but haven't been vocal about it. "We're going to work to create opportunities for them to talk about climate.? Where [members of Congress] believe in it, but aren't supporters of a policy, we want to push them," Frishberg said.

Events and outreach will be tailored to the profile of each congressional district. In districts that have been hit hard by extreme weather events, such as droughts or hurricanes, OFA will hold events aimed at linking the local impact to the broad global problem of climate change, and at starting conversations about adapting to future extreme weather.

"Weather is the thing we talk about the most," Frishberg said. "There's lots of work to be done on connecting the dots between climate change and droughts and wildfire?. What's going to change public opinions over the near term is weather and the facts. People's response and their understanding is so driven by their local experience. We can help that along and shape it."

Meanwhile, Organizing for Action intends to push back against an ongoing campaign to overturn state renewable-energy laws. Over the past year, the conservative American Legislative Exchange Council, which has taken funding from Koch Industries, the oil conglomerate that helped fund the tea-party group Americans for Prosperity, has lobbied state and local legislators to bring up bills that would roll back state laws mandating production of electricity from wind and solar sources. OFA will campaign against those bills and send workers to go door-to-door in those communities to talk about the virtues of renewable energy.

The group has also sent out a toolkit to all its local chapters outlining how organizers can spur clean-energy projects such as adding solar panels to churches, an effort strategically designed to link clean energy and community-building in voters' minds.

One issue on which Organizing for Action has not engaged: the Keystone XL pipeline. While a massive grassroots environmental movement has grown up around urging President Obama to reject the pipeline, which would import heavily carbon-polluting tar sands oil from Canada, OFA hasn't voiced a view on the pipeline. People close to the president say they believe he'll approve the controversial project, and OFA has taken heavy criticism from environmental groups and green-minded donors for holding back its organizational muscle on the issue.

While prospects for congressional action on climate change are grim, Obama is expected?nobody knows when? to use his executive authority to roll out two massive, controversial climate-change regulations reining in pollution from coal-fired power plants, which are the largest source of U.S. greenhouse gas emissions. If those rules stand, they'll likely be the cornerstone of Obama's climate legacy.

The rules will be met with immediate push-back from congressional Republicans. Specifically, it's expected that Senate Republicans will use a procedure called the Congressional Review Act, which allows Congress to repeal an executive regulation within 60 days of its issuance.

For OFA, the endgame will be to ensure that the Congressional Review Act votes fail by building up enough voter support in the home states of key lawmakers, particularly Democratic senators facing close elections in 2014. That will be a tough assignment; two of the vulnerable Democrats, Sens. Mary Landrieu of Louisiana and Mark Begich of Alaska, hail from oil states. But Frishberg said those votes on an obscure procedural tactic could determine whether the new climate campaign succeeds or fails.

"We're focused on ensuring Congressional Review Act rollbacks don't pass," Frishberg said. "We're trying to build up an army of supporters?and we'll activate them for the Congressional Review Act."

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/obama-campaign-group-targets-climate-change-194642519.html

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Models from big molecules captured in a flash

May 28, 2013 ? To learn how biological molecules like proteins function, scientists must first understand their structures. Almost as important is understanding how the structures change, as molecules in the native state do their jobs.

Existing methods for solving structure largely depend on crystallized molecules, and the shapes of more than 80,000 proteins in a static state have been solved this way. The majority of the two million proteins in the human body can't be crystallized, however. For most of them, even their low-resolution structures are still unknown.

Their chance to shine may have come at last, thanks to new techniques developed by Peter Zwart and his colleagues at the U.S. Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), working with collaborators from Arizona State University, the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, and DOE's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). The new method promises a more informative look at large biological molecules in their native, more fluid state.

The researchers describe their results in two recent papers in Foundations of Crystallography and in Physical Review Letters.

Diffraction before destruction

A key factor in new ways of looking at biomolecules is the data created by free-electron lasers (FELs) such as the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, whose powerful x?ray pulses are measured in quadrillionths of a second. These pulses are faster than a molecule can rotate, and the experimental data reflects the state of the molecule frozen in time.

"It's a technique called 'diffract before destroy,' because the data is collected before the particle literally blows apart," says Zwart, a member of the Lab's Physical Biosciences Division, and the science lead for the Berkeley Center for Structural Biology at the Advanced Light Source. "FELs have shown they can derive structures from single particles, each hit with a single pulse, but there are major challenges to this approach."

Instead of single particles, Zwart and his colleagues include many particles in each shot. When analyzed by computer programs, the data from the different diffraction patterns can be combined to provide detailed insights into the structures the molecules adopt in solution.

The technique is called fluctuation x-ray scattering (fXS), and Zwart and his colleagues have shown that data obtained this way with free-electron lasers can yield low-resolution shapes of biomolecules in close to their natural state, with much greater confidence than is currently possible with less powerful synchrotron light sources.

"Our algorithm starts with a trial model and modifies it by randomly adding or subtracting volume until the shape of the model achieves the optimum fit with the data," Zwart says. This trial-and-error optimization technique, tested on known configurations at the LCLS, can resolve the shapes of individual macromolecules with fXS data alone.

It's not only the structures of molecules taken one at a time that can be solved this way. Zwart and his former postdoc Gang Chen, working with Dongsheng Li of PNNL, have shown that data from mixtures of different kinds of molecules can be untangled to provide clues on the structure of the individual components, forming a basis for understanding the dynamic behavior of large biological molecules working together in solution.

By understanding their structural changes, Zwart and his colleagues are developing fluctuation x-ray scattering as an indispensable tool for determining how mixtures of different proteins behave independently or in concert.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_technology/~3/2eil1Tk6t1U/130528100236.htm

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Book industry gathers for annual convention

NEW YORK (AP) ? After decades of decline, independent bookselling has become a growth industry.

For the fourth year in a row, membership has increased in the American Bookseller Association, the independent stores' trade group. According to CEO Oren Teicher, the association now includes 1,632 members ? some operating in multiple locations ? up 65 from last year. In 2009, there were 1,401 members and strong pessimism in the face of superstore chains, the online power of Amazon.com and the recent financial crisis.

Teicher notes the liquidation of Borders in 2011, but also credits the ongoing "buy local" movement and independents' growing comfort with modern technology, whether for more efficient inventory systems or more effective online promotion. Another positive sign: Established stores, such as the Book Stall at Chestnut Court in Winnetka, Ill., have made successful transitions to younger ownership.

"There was a time when people were ready to retire and couldn't sell their stores, so they closed them," Teicher says. "The fact that these stores are now remaining bodes well for the future."

Teicher and others see a reversal from the peak days of Barnes & Noble and Borders, when nonstop superstore expansion often forced out the smaller stores. Now, the problem has shifted from saturated neighborhoods to underserved neighborhoods. Industry analyst Mike Shatzkin cites not just the fall of Borders, but also the "sharp reduction in shelf space for books at B&N." Shatzkin says demand for physical books is declining, but that physical stores have been shrinking even faster.

"So the incumbents benefit and that means independents," says Shatzkin, founder and chief executive of Idea Logical, a consultant to publishers.

Independent sellers and superstores will gather this week along with thousands of publishers, writers, agents and librarians for the industry's annual national convention, BookExpo America. The event runs Thursday-Saturday at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center. Featured speakers will include historian Doris Kearns Goodwin, "Bridget Jones" novelist Helen Fielding and a star among teens, "Divergent" author Veronica Roth.

The book world meets at a moment of relative calm during an age of revolutionary change. Overall sales are steady and the e-book market is growing at a slower pace ? a helpful trend for physical stores. "The years of spectacular share growth for e-books are over. The rise will be steady for a long time, but it won't be explosive," says Shatzkin, who adds that art books and other illustrated works are simply not "e-bookable."

At this time last year, the industry was wondering about the impact of a U.S. Justice Department lawsuit filed in April 2012 against Apple and five leading publishers alleging price fixing for e-books. Apple's iBookstore, launched in 2010, established an "agency model" for selling e-books. With Apple, Amazon and other retailers, publishers were able to set their own prices, a response to Amazon's charging just $9.99 for best-sellers. Publishers, writers and rival bookstores had feared that Amazon's discounts would lead to its domination of the e-market.

The trial is set to begin June 3, just days after the convention. But all five publishers have settled and Amazon.com has neither radically dropped prices nor, publishers say, taken away a significant number of customers from competitors.

"I don't think the benefit to Amazon has been that great," said Michael Norris, a senior analyst for Simba Information, a research and consultancy company. "I think that's because the e-book market has not been growing as rapidly as it had been before and that Amazon probably realized there is a limit to how much it can cut prices."

At BookExpo, the digital presence has increased steadily. Event director Steven Rosato says a record 80 e-companies are expected this year, located near the center of the convention floor. Day-long programs in the conference rooms will feature speeches, interviews and panel discussions about the present and future of the electronic market.

Meanwhile, Penguin Group USA will launch an old-fashioned, print-only Book Truck and Pushcart, a 27-foot mobile store "inspired by the design of the classic New York City hot dog cart." After the convention, the truck will travel nationwide selling Penguin releases, following the famed Route 66 journey in one of the publisher's most celebrated novels: John Steinbeck's "The Grapes of Wrath."

Not all attendees will be industry insiders. A "Publishing Hackathon" will feature teams of entrepreneurs and digital designers presenting ideas for how books can be discovered online, with the winning team receiving $10,000. Venture capitalists and others from the financial world will be looking for possible deals in an industry that has never been a dependable profit maker. Robin Warner, managing director at DeSilva & Phillips LLC, said she first went to BookExpo a few years ago but found the pre-digital environment "staid." Now, she says the rise of e-companies makes book publishing more interesting to investors.

"That's what people are looking for," she said.

BookExpo also has expanded last year's "Power Readers" program, when some 500 members of the general public were allowed in with the sole credential of loving books. This year, around 2,000 are expected, including some attending for a second time.

"I learned about the work it takes to get the book from the publishers and into the hands of readers," says returning "Power Reader" Sherae Allen, a teacher and New York City resident who learned about the convention through a promotion at Brooklyn's Greenlight Bookstore. "Many people don't realize the print, social and online media effort it takes to get the book visible to the public."

"It was an interesting opportunity to mingle with people at all steps of the publishing process, from authors to distributors," adds Power Reader Rachel Auclair, an Internet sales representative who works in Raynham, Mass. "Of course, free books are never a bad thing!"

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/book-industry-gathers-annual-convention-122709187.html

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Tuesday, May 28, 2013

Lake Charles Ward 3 Recreation announces summer camp schedule

Lake Charles Ward 3 Recreation will hold various camps this summer. Among those scheduled are the following:

Summer Day Camp: June 3 to July 26 from 7:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. The class is $80 for the full day or $60 for the half-day.

Skating Camp: June 3-4 from 8 a.m. to noon. This camp is free to attend.

Volleyball Camp: June 3-5 from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. The class is $25 to attend.

Midnight Basketball: June 7-26 from 8 p.m. to midnight. The camp is free to attend.

Midnight Indoor Soccer: June 7-26 from 8 p.m. to 2 a.m. The camp is free to attend.

Boys Basketball Camp: June 10-13 from 8 to 11 a.m. The camp is free to attend.

Tennis Camp: June 17-20 from 8-10 a.m. The class is $25 to attend.

Fishing and Casting Camp: June 22 from 8 a.m. to noon. The camp is free to attend.

Girls Basketball Camp: June 24-26 from 1 to 3 p.m. The class is $25 to attend.

Soccer Camp North: July 1-3 from 8 to 10 a.m. The class is $25 to attend.

Golf Camp: July 8-10 from 8 to 11:30 a.m. The class is $25 to attend.

Soccer Camp South: July 29-31 from 8 to 10 a.m. The camp is free to attend.

?

For more information, call the complex at 337-990-0112 or visit http://www.ward3recreation.com/.

Source: http://westcalcam.kplctv.com/news/sports-recreation/85452-lake-charles-ward-3-recreation-announces-summer-camp-schedule

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Foxconn and Mozilla join hands over Firefox OS, new devices expected next week

In a Chinese invitation we received earlier today, Foxconn Technology Group and Mozilla confirmed an upcoming press conference that will detail and make their Firefox OS partnership official. The event will take place in Taipei next Monday (just a few days before Computex truly kicks off), and it'll see Mozilla welcome the 19th partner to its Firefox OS alliance. There isn't much meat in the email, though we did spot a little hint in the rundown that says one or more new Firefox OS products will be displayed. Whatever they may be, we shall keep an eye out for them as soon as we land in Terry Gou's back garden next week.

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Via: Focus Taiwan

Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/Z8z_4CjIVoc/

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'Spellbound' star reflects on a Spelling Bee life

WASHINGTON (AP) ? Of the 85 kids who have won the National Spelling Bee, only one became an instant movie star.

For the millions who watched back in 1999, her face is frozen in time. She'll always be the 14-year-old girl from Tampa, Fla., with the glasses and dark shoulder-length hair, her arms raised while leaping for joy.

But that was a half-life ago for Nupur Lala. Like all bee winners, she's since had to deal with the perks, drawbacks and stereotypes that come with the title ? all magnified because she won the same year the competition was featured in an Oscar-nominated documentary.

She became a role model for those who realized it's OK to be nerdy. She became a trend-setter, starting a run in which 10 of 14 national bee winners have been Indian-American, including the last five.

Today, she's 28 and finishing up a master's degree in cancer biology with plans to enroll in the University of Texas Medical School in Houston, having changed course from a career plan that had her researching memory and the brain for three years at MIT. She now aspires to be a physician scientist.

"My intellectual inspirations are so meandering. I blame that on the Spelling Bee sometimes," Lala said with a laugh. "There are so many interesting things in the dictionary to study."

Lala will be watching this week when the 86th Scripps National Spelling Bee takes place near the nation's capital ? her friends tease that her life "shuts down" during the bee ? but she'll see a spectacle that's changed much since she graced the stage. The finals are now broadcast in prime time. A vocabulary test is being added this year for the first time. And the bee's popularity has skyrocketed, in part because of Lala and the other spellers featured in the documentary "Spellbound," a film that made smart people cool long before "The Big Bang Theory."

"I'm amazed at the sea change," Lala said in a telephone interview. "Because when I was a speller, that was one thing you totally hid. I remember like not even wanting to tell people what I was doing over the weekend when I was competing in the regional spelling bee. It was that big of a liability. And now I see that, yeah, people want to be nerds. I think that's great."

Lala is the first to say that winning the national bee has been an overwhelming positive in her life, even if does get tiresome to have people repeatedly asking her to spell her winning word ? "logorrhea" ? or to realize that her reputation can unfairly put her on a pedestal in an academic setting.

"I've had people say 'I expect more of you because I've seen what you are capable of,'" Lala said. "And that's a huge honor ? and also very daunting."

Then there's another set of emotions she feels every year when her name is mentioned by the Indian-Americans youngsters who now dominate the national bee. All of the recent winners, to some degree, have cited Lala as an inspiration.

"It's absolutely overwhelming," she said. "And I think especially as I've grown older and seeing how much I've wanted to emulate people in my life. Yeah, it's very humbling every time I hear that. It feels like a lot of responsibility, to be perfectly honest. You become very conscious of that."

There have also been a disproportionate number of recent winners interested in the brain and medicine, including several who said they wanted to grow up to be neurosurgeons. Lala pursued an undergraduate degree in brain, behavior and cognitive sciences at the University of Michigan, in part because of her experiences from the bee.

"Why do I remember certain words and not others? Why isn't my memory so good for everything else?" she said. "That question sort of drew me into research."

At least much of the terminology was familiar. After studying all those big words for the bee, a standard vocabulary test is a breeze.

"I remember taking the GRE years ago," she said, "and how I had such an edge over other competitors because I basically studied the vocabulary component for the Spelling Bee."

National Spelling Bee champions are a small and tight-knit group ? Lala keeps tabs with many of her fellow winners ? and she marvels that she had the nerve to pull off her win all those years ago. She turned down a chance to be featured on an MTV reality show that wanted to follow her through college; she wasn't comfortable with the idea and didn't feel she was crazy enough to be interesting.

Besides, there is life beyond the bee ? and the public perception of what a bee winner should be ? and that's where Lala prefers to keep her focus, at least during the 51 weeks a year when she's not glued to the television to see another successor crowned. Like Lala, this week's champion will have a winning moment etched in America's collective conscious and immortalized on the Internet, lasting long after he or she has grown up to pursue an impressive degree or career.

"It's something that you fight quite a bit," Lala said. "Especially now that I feel like I'm on a career path, it's becoming a little bit easier. ... People always thought of me as this nerdy, excitable, just-an-awkward kid. Now they can see me as somebody beyond that, I hope."

___

Follow Joseph White on Twitter: http://twitter.com/JGWhiteAP

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/spellbound-star-reflects-spelling-bee-life-131213228.html

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Monday, May 27, 2013

Amanda Bynes: Cops sexually harassed me

Celebs

18 hours ago

IMAGE: Amanda Bynes

Getty Images Contributor

Amanda Bynes heads for home after her May 23 arrest.

Amanda Bynes has taken to Twitter to claim she was "sexually harassed" during her arrest Thursday night in New York.

"I was sexually harassed by one of the cops the night before last which is who then arrested me," she wrote. "He lied and said I threw a bong out the window when I opened the window for fresh air. Hilarious. He slapped my vagina. Sexual harassment. Big deal."

Bynes said she reported the officer, writing, "I then called the cops on him. He handcuffed me, which I resisted, quite unlike any of the reports stated. Then I was sent to a mental hospital. Offensive."

According to The Hollywood Reporter, a New York Police Department spokesperson says Bynes' claim is being investigated by its Internal Affairs Bureau.

Bynes was arrested Thursday night after police were called to her apartment building reportedly because she was smoking marijuana in the lobby. While they were in Bynes' apartment, she reportedly threw a bong out her 36th floor window. The bong was never recovered.

Bynes spent the night in jail and was released without bail being set Friday morning.

Source: http://www.today.com/entertainment/amanda-bynes-cops-sexually-harassed-me-6C10077827

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Confused Weather Drops Over 30 Inches Of Snow on Memorial Day Weekend

Politics Confidential Actor Gary Sinise has starred in his share of films of television shows, but there?s one role that still follows him nearly 20 years later: Lt. Dan. Sinise, a longtime advocate for veterans? interests, says his role as a double-amputee Vietnam War veteran in the iconic movie ?Forrest Gump? changed his life forever. [...]

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/confused-weather-drops-over-30-inches-snow-memorial-032633425.html

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Lesbian love story "La Vie d'Adele" wins top prize at Cannes

(Reuters) - A teenage girl's abusive slur aimed at Australian Rules Football player Adam Goodes has jolted the state of Victoria into establishing programs that will educate children on racism, according to local media on Saturday. The 33-year-old Sydney Swans player, who is of Indigenous Australian heritage, was called an "ape" by the 13-year-old spectator at Friday's AFL game against Collingwood at the MCG in Melbourne. Goodes told a news conference he was "gutted" by the remark but added that the girl, who was escorted out of the stadium following the incident, had called him to apologies. ...

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/lesbian-love-story-la-vie-dadele-wins-top-175928871.html

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Obama touring Oklahoma tornado response

WASHINGTON (AP) ? As tornado victims are laid to rest in Moore, Okla., President Barack Obama is visiting Sunday to survey damage from Monday's storm.

The White House said Obama wanted a firsthand look at recovery from the monstrous EF5 tornado that barreled through the Oklahoma City suburb Monday afternoon. The president planned to visit with affected families and thank first responders in devastated Moore, a town of 41,000 residents about 10 miles from Oklahoma City.

Oklahoma Gov. Mary Fallin said Sunday her message to Obama is that she appreciates the visit, but the state also needs quick action from the Federal Emergency Management Agency.

The Republican governor said so far, the agency has done a great job of speeding relief and cash assistance to affected families, but she's concerned about the long run.

"There's going to come a time when there's going to be a tremendous amount of need once we begin the debris clearing, which we already have, but really get it cleared off to where we need to start rebuilding these homes, rebuilding these businesses," she said on CBS' "Face the Nation." ''And we know at different times in the past, money hasn't come always as quickly as it should."

Obama offered prayers for residents from the White House in recent days and has promised to support the rebuilding for as long as it takes. "They have suffered mightily this week," Obama said Wednesday. "And while the road ahead will be long, their country will be with them every single step of the way."

Among the dead were 10 children, including two sisters pulled by the strong winds out of their mother's grasp, an infant who died along with his mother trying to ride out the storm in a convenience store and seven students at Plaza Towers Elementary School. Many students were pulled from the rubble after the school was destroyed.

Fallin noted that some 100 other schools in Oklahoma have safe rooms for children to seek shelter in tornados.

"Schools that have been lost in the past, many of them have rebuilt rooms of some sort as a safe room in their school, and we're certainly going to encourage that," she said.

"Any death is very unfortunate, but it's truly incredible that we had only 24 deaths at this site, because if you look at all the debris field and how wide it is, I don't know how anybody survived this tornado," she said on CBS.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/obama-touring-oklahoma-tornado-response-083856982.html

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2-child limit for Muslims in parts of Myanmar

YANGON, Myanmar (AP) ? Authorities in Myanmar's western Rakhine state have imposed a two-child limit for Muslim Rohingya families, a policy that does not apply to Buddhists in the area and comes amid accusations of ethnic cleansing in the aftermath of sectarian violence.

Local officials said Saturday that the new measure would be applied to two Rakhine townships that border Bangladesh and have the highest Muslim populations in the state. The townships, Buthidaung and Maundaw, are about 95 percent Muslim.

The unusual order makes Myanmar perhaps the only country in the world to impose such a restriction on a religious group, and is likely to fuel further criticism that Muslims are being discriminated against in the Buddhist-majority country.

China has a one-child policy, but it is not based on religion and exceptions apply to minority ethnic groups. India briefly practiced forced sterilization of men in a bid to control the population in the mid-1970s when civil liberties were suspended during a period of emergency rule, but a nationwide outcry quickly shut down the program.

Rakhine state spokesman Win Myaing said the new program was meant to stem rapid population growth in the Muslim community, which a government-appointed commission identified as one of the causes of the sectarian violence.

Although Muslims are the majority in the two townships in which the new policy applies, they account for only about 4 percent of Myanmar's roughly 60 million people.

The measure was enacted a week ago after the commission recommended family planning programs to stem population growth among Muslims, Win Myaing said. The commission also recommended doubling the number of security forces in the volatile region.

"The population growth of Rohingya Muslims is 10 times higher than that of the Rakhine (Buddhists)," Win Myaing said. "Overpopulation is one of the causes of tension."

Sectarian violence in Myanmar first flared nearly a year ago in Rakhine state between the region's Rakhine Buddhists and Muslim Rohingya. Mobs of Buddhists armed with machetes razed thousands of Muslim homes, leaving hundreds of people dead and forcing 125,000 to flee, mostly Muslims.

Witnesses and human rights groups say riot police stood by as crowds attacked Muslims and burned their villages.

New York-based Human Rights Watch has accused authorities in Rakhine of fomenting an organized campaign of "ethnic cleansing" against the Rohingya.

Since the violence, religious unrest has morphed into a campaign against the country's Muslim communities in other regions.

Containing the strife has posed a serious challenge to President Thein Sein's reformist government as it attempts to make democratic reforms after nearly half a century of harsh military rule. It has also tarnished the image of opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi, who has been criticized for failing to speak out strongly in defense of the country's embattled Muslim community.

The central government has not made any statement about the two-child policy, which was introduced at a local level. Calls seeking comment Saturday from two government spokesmen were not immediately returned, but Rakhine state official Myo Than said all local policies require "consent from the central government."

Win Myaing said authorities had not yet determined how the measures ? which include a ban on polygamy ? will be enforced. The policy will not apply yet to other parts of Rakhine state, which have smaller Muslim populations.

In its report issued last month, the government-appointed commission wrote: "One factor that has fueled tensions between the Rakhine public and (Rohingya) populations relates to the sense of insecurity among many Rakhines stemming from the rapid population growth of the (Rohingya), which they view as a serious threat."

Predominantly Buddhist Myanmar does not include the Rohingya as one of its 135 recognized ethnicities. It considers them to be illegal immigrants from Bangladesh and denies them citizenship. Bangladesh says the Rohingya have been living in Myanmar for centuries and should be recognized there as citizens.

China has been carrying out a planned birth policy since the late 1970s, generally limiting one child to urban couples and no more than two to rural families, to stem rapid population growth that Beijing believes is not sustainable economically and environmentally.

___

Associated Press writer Didi Tang in Beijing contributed to this report.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/2-child-limit-muslims-parts-myanmar-112223020.html

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Sunday, May 26, 2013

Business Luminescent Sign * Old and Reliable Way of Direct ...

If you want your small business to prosper then you must invest in correct marketing. Only through effective promotion of one?s store or shop are you able to get customers dropping by your small business. Without individuals coming to you, your institution will quickly drop the drain. Why? It is just because of the fact that when there are no customers then definitely there will be no sale made or earnings.

There are several kinds of marketing activities that you can select from. The most common, naturally, are tv set ads, radio commercials and having a spread on the newspaper or magazine. These kind of ad kinds are fantastic nevertheless there is an old and trustworthy method of direct advertising plus it requires the usage of business fluorescent sign.

An enterprise neon signal offers a lot more advantages compared to the aforementioned advertisements. This is because it aims immediately at those who are right there outdoors your shop. Lots of businesses are blinded by the glamour and fame the TV, radio and papers campaign provides. What?s crucial is to carry out the marketing at the front of the enterprise establishment.

Buyers need to know very first where you are located. You need to offered your shop?s name as well as the products and services you must offer. Placing them up in fluorescent signage is ideal for it can quickly attract the attention of people moving past by. It is also important that you let your prospects know regardless if you are ready to focus on them by simply installing a few open fluorescent signs.

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Source: http://www.sofortkredite-24.eu/2013/05/25/business-luminescent-sign-old-and-reliable-way-of-direct-advertising/

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3-D Printed Windpipe Gives Infant Breath of Life

Kaiba Gionfriddo was six weeks old when he suddenly stopped breathing and turned blue at a restaurant. Kaiba?s parents quickly rushed him to the hospital where they learned that his left bronchial tube had collapsed because of a previously undetected birth defect. During the next few weeks the life-threatening attacks recurred, increasing in number until they became everyday events. Physicians and researchers, however, used some of the most sophisticated bioengineering techniques available to 3-D print a synthetic tube to hold the baby's airway open. Kaiba had the surgery in January 2012 and hasn?t suffered an airway collapse since. The trachea, or windpipe, is essentially constructed much like a vacuum cleaner hose, says Glenn Green, an ear nose and throat specialist (otolaryngologist) at the University of Michigan, who helped to develop the device. The human trachea comprises 20 rings of cartilage linked by muscle and connective tissue that extends from the Adam's apple down behind the breastbone. It then branches into two tubes called bronchi that each connect to a lung. With each inhalation, the lungs fill and expand; likewise, the strong but flexible airway tubes widen and lengthen. In most cases after a child is born, the cartilage in the trachea keeps the airway open. But in about one out of 2,100 live births, for some reason, a portion of the airway is floppy and collapses, blocking outside air from reaching one or both lungs. Treatment for this kind of condition?called an airway malacias?includes close monitoring during colds and other respiratory infections, but some people may need a respirator to keep their airways open or surgery to insert a breathing tube until the danger has passed. Surgical treatments for persistent cases include using a structure inside the airway to prop it open?a stent?but that approach irritates the trachea, says John Bent, an associate professor at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine and director of pediatric otolaryngology at Montefiore Medical Center in New York City. Or doctors may take a piece of the patient's rib and use it around the outside of the trachea as a splint. "But that doesn't give [the airway] the right shape," he says, or the ability to expand and contract with each breath. For unknown reasons, however, some cases are extremely severe. Those infants, including Kaiba, struggle to breathe even after treatment. Fresh out of options, Kaiba?s doctors contacted Green and his colleagues who were working on a new device that could help. The researchers had been searching for a way to help infants with collapsing airways. They designed a tube that could wrap around the floppy portion of a trachea or bronchus and hold the airway open. Each individual's airway, however, is unique, and there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Instead Green and his colleagues would create custom-designed devices using technology called three-dimensional printing. A 3-D printer works like an inkjet printer, but instead of laying down layers of ink it deposits a structural material. The printer head adds each layer according to a digital pattern to create a 3-D structure. 3-D printers in manufacturing have built prototypes and parts for machines. In research settings bioengineers have created artificial ears, and lab rats have received printed spinal disks and bones. Printing fully functioning organs and tissues for humans poses some challenges. A kidney, for example, needs working blood vessels and tubes to collect urine. Problems with the trachea, however, lend themselves to 3-D printed solutions because the organ's ridged tubelike structure is simple. After testing their idea in piglets, Green and his colleagues were confident a printed device would work. Scott Hollister, a professor of biomedical engineering at Michigan was in charge of designing sleeve that would wrap around the outside of the floppy airway. The sleeve's structure allows it to expand as the airway grows and develops while simultaneously resisting spasms that pull inward, thereby collapsing the airway. The team first used a computed tomography (CT) scan to sketch out Kaiba?s airways. From those images, they then sculpted a three-dimensional printed cast that had the same shape as Kaiba?s collapsed bronchus. Using that cast they created the sleeve or splint that would wrap around the bronchus. It took several tries but the researchers were eventually able to create a perfect fit. The next step was to sew the tissue of Kaiba?s bronchus to the inside of the sleeve. The team needed to obtain an emergency-use approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration before they could implant the device. "When we put the splint on, we saw his lungs move for the first time," Green says. As Kaiba grows, the device should expand with him. The tube itself was printed in layers of a biocompatible plastic called polycaprolactone. The 3-D printer heats up a powdered form of the plastic until it melts and can be extruded in a paste. After a few years inside a body the tube will dissolve?it is made of the same material used for sutures?and by that time his bronchus should have grown strong enough to function normally. Kaiba?s tube is the first time a 3-D printed device has been implanted in a patient to aid tissue reconstruction. The research team reported the case on May 22 in The New England Journal of Medicine. "It's a very nice approach to using technology to treat a problem that has not a lot of good solutions," says Robert Weatherly, an associate professor of otolaryngology at the University of Kansas School of Medicine and a physician at Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City, Mo., who was not involved in the study. He points out that the approach is different from a typical tissue engineering approach because Kaiba?s bronchus tissue was present but not functioning; here the 3-D device reinforces underdeveloped tissue. In other cases tissue is absent and needs to be rebuilt from scratch?as in a recent case of a young girl with an absent trachea. Her doctors built a transplantable trachea of plastic incubated with the child's own stem cells. Unlike Kaiba, however, she will need a bigger windpipe when she grows. The critical next steps to making the technology more available are clinical trials, along with tracking patients over a longer period of time to see how they fare with 3-D printed parts. The use of 3-D printed devices and body parts is still in its infancy. Cartilage and bone will be the first solutions to reach wide use, Green says, adding there is a "gigantic potential," for the future. ? Follow Scientific American on Twitter @SciAm and @SciamBlogs. Visit ScientificAmerican.com for the latest in science, health and technology news.
? 2013 ScientificAmerican.com. All rights reserved.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/3-d-printed-windpipe-gives-infant-breath-life-090000802.html

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Saturday, May 25, 2013

Pacers steal Game 2 from Heat, 97-93

MIAMI (AP) ? David West punched two passes from LeBron James away in the final minute, then punched the air.

He had plenty of reason to celebrate.

The Eastern Conference finals are tied, and home-court advantage now belongs to West and the Indiana Pacers.

Roy Hibbert scored a postseason career-high 29 points and grabbed 10 rebounds, West broke up two passes by James for huge turnovers, and the Pacers evened the East title series at a game apiece with a 97-93 victory over the Miami Heat in Game 2 on Friday night.

"We haven't done anything yet," Hibbert said. "We haven't closed the series out. We won one game. A lot of us feel we should be up 2-0."

Paul George scored 22 points, George Hill added 18 and West finished with 13 for the Pacers, who handed the Heat just their fourth loss in their last 50 games, closed the game on a 13-5 run ? and denied one of the game's best playmakers in James twice in the final moments to finish it off.

"There's only like one person that's more scarier than that," Hill said, speaking of James. "And that's, you know, God."

The series resumes with Game 3 on Sunday night in Indianapolis.

"It's one of the best basketball games I've ever been a part of," Pacers coach Frank Vogel said. "It wasn't about LeBron making mistakes down the stretch. He played one of the best basketball games I've ever seen anybody play. We were just able to make a couple plays late in the game."

More specifically, West made a couple plays late in the game.

"These are two close, competitive games that can go either way," Heat coach Erik Spoelstra said. "We had our opportunities. Enough opportunities."

With Indiana up 95-93, West intercepted a pass that James was throwing to Ray Allen with 43 seconds left. Indiana didn't cash in that mistake, instead turning the ball over with a shot-clock violation.

So on the next Miami trip, West denied James ? who led all scorers with 36 points ? again.

James drove to the right block, spun and tried passing out toward the perimeter. West got his right hand on that pass, knocking it off-course and into the hands of Hill, then extended his hand skyward.

The Pacers ? just as they did in the second-round series last year ? knew they were winning Game 2 in Miami. Hill made two free throws with 8.3 seconds left to clinch it, and just like that, the series was tied.

Game 1, Miami won it with James coming through at the end.

Game 2, the Pacers simply took away the MVP's opportunity.

"We've been able to maintain our composure throughout the year," West said. "That's helped us throughout these playoffs and especially in environments like these."

The Heat got 17 points from Chris Bosh and 14 from Dwyane Wade. The Heat led 88-84 in the fourth quarter, only to let the lead, the game and the home-court edge slip away, and James had almost an expressionless look afterward.

"Nothing broke down," Wade said. "He's going to be hard on himself. He saw guys open, but West was able to get his arms out there at the last moment."

Lance Stephenson scored 10 for the Pacers.

The Heat trailed for virtually all of the game's first 30 minutes, then tied the game three times in the third quarter ? but Indiana always had a response. When the game was tied at 60, the Pacers scored seven of the next 10 points. Tied at 67, George quickly had a layup to put the Pacers back on top. Tied at 69, George struck again, this time with a jumper.

With 5.1 seconds left in the third, George drove the lane and finished a highlight-reel dunk over Miami's Chris Andersen while getting fouled, the free throw putting the Pacers up by five. James connected on a long 3-pointer to close the quarter, then he and George exchanged a few words afterward and slapped each other's hand as if to say, "here we go."

Sure enough, the show was just getting started.

"We had our chance tonight," Bosh said.

Hibbert was creating one problem after another for Miami, so James took it upon himself to challenge him in the fourth. And with about 8 minutes left, he swatted a putback attempt away from the 7-foot-2 Indiana center, starting a play that ended with Chalmers scoring at the other end to give Miami an 85-84 lead.

On the next possession, James tied up a rebound with Hibbert, then won the ensuing jump ball. Not long afterward, Bosh made a 3-pointer and Miami's lead was up to 88-84 ? its biggest of the night.

"We just didn't finish the game like we're capable of," Spoelstra said.

Indiana scored the next five points to reclaim the lead. James' three-point play with 3:32 left put the Heat on top 91-89, and Hibbert answered that with a jump hook over the reigning MVP to tie the game for the 10th time.

Frantic to the finish, again. And this time it went Indiana's way.

"Heck of a basketball game, wasn't it?" Vogel asked afterward.

If there was any remaining lament from losing Game 1 on the final play of overtime, the Pacers didn't show it. They trailed for all of 15 seconds in the first half, and after neither team held a lead of more than seven in the series opener, Indiana found itself leading by 10 late in the first quarter and by 13 with a minute to go before intermission.

Hibbert was either unguarded or unguardable, making six of his eight shots in the first two quarters and getting to the line on the way to a 19-point half. West, Hill and George combined for 27 more before the break, and when Hibbert scored with 1:25 left the Pacers' lead was 53-40.

The Heat needed less than a minute to erase more than half of that deficit.

James made a pair of free throws with 59.1 seconds left, Chalmers had a layup and Mike Miller ? who hadn't taken a shot since May 8, but checked in with 3:23 remaining in the half after Allen and Shane Battier continued to struggle from the outside ? connected on a 3-pointer as time expired, pulling Miami within 53-47 at the break.

And when Indiana went up nine early in the third quarter, Miami responded with another burst, this time an 11-2 run highlighted by a spectacular reverse dunk by James and capped by two baskets from Wade, the last of which knotted the game at 60-all.

By then, it was clear.

Just like Game 1, this one wouldn't be decided until the end.

NOTES: South Florida resident Jozy Altidore of the U.S. men's national soccer team was among those in attendance, two days before he's set to report to Cleveland and begin training camp for the upcoming World Cup qualifiers. Other celebs in the crowd included newly retired football star and Miami Hurricanes great Ray Lewis, Baseball Hall of Famer Cal Ripken Jr. and Rosie O'Donnell. ... The Pacers were called for four technicals (one a defensive 3-second) in a 4-minute span of the second quarter. ... Indiana reserve Sam Young sprained his left ankle in the third quarter. ... Indiana was not planning to fly home after the game, instead staying in Miami one more night and avoiding getting back to Indianapolis around 4 a.m. or even later.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/pacers-steal-game-2-heat-97-93-033532015.html

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